History Quiz Essay

Religion plays a big role in the life of man. It gives us hope, faith and makes us believe that there is a Supreme Being out there that makes things possible for us. Religion has played a big part in our cultural, social, moral and even political history and is still continuing today. There are several religions being practiced all over the world today. Christianity ranks first having 2. 1 billion believers and followers, Islam is next having around 1. 5 billion Muslims and the third worlds largest is Hinduism. Majority of those who practice Hinduism come from India, as this is because Hinduism originated from this country. Hinduism is more of a way of life, as it has been incorporated in the Indian’s way of living and not just as a religion. The primary text of the Hindus are the collection of Vedas which contain hymns, incantations, and rituals, namely the Rig Veda, the Sama Veda, Yajur Veda and the Atharva Veda (Hinduism). There are several beliefs that encompass all forms of Hinduism. First is their respect for the authority of the Vedas and the Brahmans. The Brahmans are the source of all things and is found in all things hence like a Supreme Being (Hindu beliefs). They also believe in reincarnation and karma. For them, when a person dies, its soul is transferred to another being. This being may or may not be human in form; it may be an animal or an insect, depending on your behavior from your previous life. If you were able to be good and do things the Hindu way, you will have good karma, and your soul maybe transferred to a body of a human with high place in society. If you have bad karma, your soul might become trapped inside an animal or an insect or in the body of a slave. Hindus are also expected to pass through the four stages of their life successfully. First is to pass the brahmacharga, then the grashta, the vanaprastha and finally the sanngasu. In the first stage the individual is supposed to acquire knowledge and develop character and is usually experienced during the school age. The second stage, the grastha, focuses the middle years of your life on finding pleasures such as getting married and having a family and establishing a career. The vanaprastha is the stage to increase time in focusing on spiritual things and finally the sanngasu, the last years of one’s life offered for contemplation (Hindu Rituals and Practices). Buddhism ranks fourth, after Hinduism with 324 million followers. Buddhism is based on the teachings of Siddharta Gautama, the enlightened one. Gautama Buddha, after having several years of privileged living as a prince, he decided to live a solitary life of a hermit in the woods. There he dedicated his life to meditation, which is at the heart of Buddhism (What is Buddhism). Like the Hindus, the Buddhists also believe in reincarnation. The soul will be â€Å"recycled† and after some time, if the soul releases itself from worldly desires it can now achieve Nirvana, a state of freedom from liberation and suffering. Buddhism includes the three trainings or practices, the four noble truths, the five precepts and the eightfold path among its teachings. The three trainings or practices consist of the Sila, the Samadhi and the Prajna. Sila is the morality which is based on two principles, the principle of equality and reciprocity. Samadhi is the mental development which controls and strengthens the mind. And finally the Prajna, which is wisdom. Buddha’s four noble truths are as follows, the Dukkha, Samudaya, Nirodha and the Magga. The Dukkha tells us that there is suffering; the Samudaya says that there is a cause, the Nirodha, that there is an end to the suffering and the Magga, to end the suffering the eightfold path should be followed. Just like the Christian’s Ten Commandments, the Buddhists have 5 precepts, and these are: do not kill, do not steal, do not lie, do not misuse sex and do not consume alcohol or drugs. Finally, the eightfold path consists of the right understanding of the Four Noble Truths, right thinking, right speech, right conduct by following the Five Precepts, right livelihood, right Effort, right Mindfulness and right concentration, which is meditation (Buddhism based on the). Judaism ranks sixth with 14 million followers around the world. Majority of the Jews live in Israel, in the United States and in France. One of the oldest religions in the world, the Jews believe in an all-knowing divinity and that all things within that world were designed to have meaning and purpose as part of a divine order. The Jew’s sacred text is the Torah, and they are preached by a Rabbi. Their symbol is the Star of David and they do not allow the name or the spelling of their deity in full. They that the Ten Commandments are the most important teachings from the Torah: 1. I am the Lord your God 2. You shall not recognize the gods of others in My presence 3. You shall not take the Name of the Lord your God in vain 4. Remember the day of Shabbat to keep it holy 5. Honor your father and your mother 6. You shall not murder 7. You shall not commit adultery 8. You shall not steal 9. Do not give false testimony against your neighbor 10. You shall not covet your fellow’s possessions The Jews do not believe that Jesus Christ is the Messiah. For them, the Messiah will be a human being from King David’s family. The most widely-accepted list of Jewish beliefs is Rabbi Moshe ben Maimon’s thirteen principles of faith. He says that God exists, is one and unique, incorporeal and is eternal. Also, that prayer is to be directed to God alone, the words of the prophets are true, and that Moses was the greatest prophet, and his prophecies are true. The Torah was given to Moses and that there will be no other Torah. In addition to those, he says that God knows the thoughts and deeds of men, God will reward the good and punish the wicked, the Messiah will come, and that the dead will be resurrected (Basic beliefs of Judaism). Indeed, we have come to realize life’s emptiness without having faith. We may not entirely believe in a religion, but it still holds true that as human beings, our lives need direction and guidance. References About, Inc., A part of The New York Times Company. (2007). Basic Beliefs of Judaism. Retrieved January 01, 2007, from http://judaism. about. com/od/abcsofjudaism/a/beliefsbasic. htm About Buddhism. (2007). What is Buddhism. Retrieved January 01, 2007, from http://www. aboutbuddhism. org/what-is-buddhism. htm/ Adherents. (1998). Top 10 Organized Religions in the World. Retrieved January 01, 2007, from http://www. adherents. com/misc/rel_by_adh_CSM. html Religion Facts. (2004-2007). Hindu Beliefs. Retrieved January 01, 2007, from http://www.religionfacts. com/hinduism/beliefs. htm Religion Facts. (2004-2007). HinduRituals and Practices. Retrieved January 01, 2007, from http://www. religionfacts. com/hinduism/practices. htm Religious Tolerance. (2005-AUG-26). Hinduism A General Introduction. Retrieved January 01, 2007, from http://www. religioustolerance. org/hinduism2. htm Religious Tolerance. (2005-AUG-26). Buddhism based on the teachings of Siddharta Gautama. Retrieved January 01, 20 07, from http://www. religioustolerance. org/buddhism. htm

J.J Reddick

What is rounding? Rounding a number means approximating it. A rounded number is often easier to use, understand, and remember than the precise number. In MyFinanceLab most of our answers are rounded decimal numbers. A decimal number has three parts: The whole number part, the decimal point and the decimal part. For example: [pic] So, in order to round a decimal number we basically round the decimal part of it. These are the two basic steps for rounding decimals to a place value to the right of the decimal point Step 1: Locate the digit to the right of the given place value.Step 2: If this digit is 5 or greater, add 1 to the digit in the given place value and delete all digits to its right. If this digit is less than 5, delete all digits to the right of the given place value. For example: Round 736. 2359 to the nearest hundredth. Solution: Step 1: We locate the digit to the right of the hundredths place Step 2: Since the digit to the right is 5, we add 1 to the digit in the hundredths place and delete all digits to the right of the hundredths place.Thus, 736. 2359 rounded to the nearest hundredth is 736. 24 Rounding in MyFinanceLab In MyFinanceLab we use input instructions to indicate the place value to which you must round your final answer(s). For example: Let’s say your final answer is 736. 2359. †¢ You must enter 736. 2 if the input instruction is: Round to the nearest tenth. †¢ You must enter 736. 24 if the input instruction is: Round to the nearest hundredth. Note: Other typical input instruction in MyFinanceLab isRound to the nearest cent if the final answer is in currency units. †¢ You should enter 736. 236 if the input instruction is: Round to three decimal places. Now, let’s use a simple Time Value of Money (TVM) question you may encounter in MyFinanceLab. | | |Problem Example: Comparing Interest for Various Compounding Periods.If $1,000 is invested at 8% compounded | |annually, | |monthly, | |what is the amount after 5 y ear? (Round to the nearest cent. ) | To solve this problem without using a financial calculator or a spreadsheet, we need to use the compound interest, future value, formula: [pic] where, i |= |r/m | |FV |= |future value at the end of n periods | |PV |= |present value | |r |= |annual rate | |m |= |number of compounding periods per year | |i |= |rate per compounding period | |n |= |Total number of compounding periods | Solution: a. Compounding annually means that there is one interest payment period per year. So, n = 5 and i = r = 0. 08. [pic] [pic] [pic] Therefore, rounded to the nearest cent, the final answer is $1,469. 33 b. Compounding monthly means that there are twelve interest payments per year. So, n = 12(5) = 60 and i = 0. 08/12 = [pic] [pic] [pic] Therefore, rounded to the nearest cent, the final answer is $1,489. 85 | |This TVM example helps us to understand a basic rounding principle in MyFinanceLab: â€Å"Do not round until the final answer. † As you | |can see in part a. after solving the expression [pic]we leave it unrounded and use as many digits as possible in its decimal part. | |The same happens in part b with the other exponential expression. | | | |Take another look at part b. because rounding i to a small number of decimal places, such as 0. 007 or 0. 0067, would have resulted | |in round-off errors.So, to avoid this, use as many decimal places as your calculator is capable of displaying. | Tips: If you want to calculate TVM problems, mathematical calculations are relatively straightforward. However, as you will see, TVM calculations are easier using a financial calculator or spreadsheet. But, no matter what method you use – equation, financial calculators, or spreadsheets, you get the same answer because they all use the same formula and concept. These are some tips for solving TVM questions. Calculator Tips: †¢ Set your calculator to display at least five decimal places or to floating decimal place (nine decimal places). †¢ Set your calculator to one payment per year.Adjust this setting if necessary. †¢ Set your calculator to the â€Å"end† mode. Adjust this setting if necessary. Excel Tips: †¢ Take advantage of the formula help that Excel offers. †¢ If you are lost, click on â€Å"Help†. †¢ Be careful about rounding variables. For example, suppose you’re dealing with the interest rate 6. 99% compounded monthly. This means you will need to enter the interest rate per month, which is = 6. 99%/12, and since you are performing division in the cell, you need to put an â€Å"=† sign before the division is performed. Don’t round the result of 0. 0699/12 to 0. 58 and enter 0. 58 as i. Instead, enter =6. 99%/12 or as a decimal =0. 0699/12 for i.

From the perspective of an Operations Manager, present a case to the Dissertation

From the perspective of an Operations Manager, present a case to the board of directors for adoption of a formal risk management - Dissertation Example Man-made risks and natural risks are some of the risks in organisations today. According to various definitions, risk management is about events that are still forthcoming. These events may create risks and uncertainties because of many factors and causes. Moreover, the events have to be identified so that risk management can be applied. This is a challenge on the part of risk managers to ascertain and identify the risks and more importantly the causes of these risks. If they are identified, plans and strategies should immediately be applied. Risks can cause a loss or damage in case of a physical structure. Loss, which occurs after an event, can occur on tangible and intangible assets. In the literature review and subsequent discussion, a theory is presented on the linkage between operational risks and knowledge management. First, we presented what operational risks are and then discussed about knowledge management. The subsequent discussion on the link between these two led us to co nclude that risks can be identified and managed adequately through knowledge management. What follows is an interesting discussion about how risks can be reduced – or eliminated – through knowledge management practices. ... Another risk management topic discussed is the subject of information technology and the risks involved. As we know, technology and the internet have influenced our lives today especially the running and operations of businesses and organisations. Information systems and the information revolution have created more risks and uncertainties in organisations and the workplace. IT infrastructures are targets of attacks by cyber criminals and terrorists. This is another phase in the formulation of programs and strategies for risk management. Risk management in the protection of information technology infrastructure is a part of operational risk management. This and among the many topics on risk management have been provided significant spacefor discussion in this paper. 1. Introduction Countless risks occur in the world of the living. In earlier times, people encountered and dealt with risks the way they dealt with nature. They managed risks through instincts of self preservation and expe rience. As time went by and as humans invented many things in the so-called survival-of-the-fittest, risks multiplied. Risks became ordinary part of human activities during the advent of the industrial revolution and as businesses and corporations grew. In factories and construction sites, necessary measures should be undertaken to avoid risks. Risks can cause accidents and can also be detrimental to the health of workers. Firms cannot be hundred percent sure of profits but they can be sure to stay in business for as long as they know how to analyse and deal with risks. Unexpected things should not have the chance to block organisation’s business activities. The job of the risk manager

Family characteristics of Order sphenisciformes-penguins Research Paper

Family characteristics of Order sphenisciformes-penguins - Research Paper Example The author uses functional and comparative analyses in understanding the adaptation behaviors and other intriguing features of the giant penguin. The article remained vital in explaining morphological characteristics of certain species of penguins. Jadwiszczak, Piotr, and Sandra D. Chapman. "The Earliest Fossil Record Of A Medium-Sized Penguin." Polish Polar Research 32.3 (2011): 269-277. Academic Search Premier. Web. 29 Nov. 2014. Jadwiszczak and Sandra, 2011 focuses on reconstructing features of middle-sized penguins using earliest fossil records. Comparative analysis of the fossils reveals the attributable features of middle-sized penguins and their origins. The article was essential in understanding the inherent evolutionary features of middle-sized penguins. Ksepka, Daniel T., et al. "Evolution Of The Brain And Sensory Organs In Sphenisciformes: New Data From The Stem Penguin Paraptenodytes Antarcticus." Zoological Journal Of The Linnean Society 166.1 (2012): 202-219. Academic Search Premier. Web. 29 Nov. 2014. Ksepka et al., 2012, conducts a study aimed at exploring the inherent neuroanatomical evolution amongst penguins. The authors use generated virtual endocasts in in understanding the anatomical features of extant penguin species. The studies ascertain that there exists retention of various characteristics associated with flight despite evolution. There also exist data reflecting degree of development in neuroanatomical features of penguins. The article is imperative in understanding evolutionary characteristics amongst penguins.

Banking failures Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Banking failures - Essay Example The research is based on the recent International financial crisis of UK banking system 08/09, which failed to adhere to existing financial and national regulations. The significant impact of shadow banking system that facilitates complex financial structures, derivatives and asset securities have resulted in extreme trading risk as compared to the normal banking operations. The banking system is regulated by the competition commission, which summon operations of the banks towards a complex monopoly for banking giants as compared to the smaller banks. Banking failures are termed as shutting down the operations of the bank due to inability of paying of its depositors or have lesser funds to meet its creditors and regulators obligations. The distributions of its assets and liabilities are evident due to insolvency of the bank which implicit that its assets are undervalued as compared to its liabilities at market value. The banking regulations are accredited by three organisations mainl y FSA (Financial Services Authority), Treasury and Bank of England. The interventions of the regulators were limited to aggressive situations only but since the banking crisis, the regulators are alarmed with the current regulation system. The most critical drawback for increased regulations in United Kingdom is enforcement of international banks to operate in lesser regulated environment offshore. This could result in a huge impact on the employment and financial institution of the country and across the globe. (Buckle & Thompson, pp. 333-345, 2005). The banking system is adhered to principle based approach as compared to the U.S rules based regulatory system. The FSA regulates promotion of efficient and rational financial services to its consumers and to achieve its objective, it ensures standards are in place for the operational activities of banks and financial institutions (Buckle & Thompson, pp. 333-345, 2005). The banking stability in UK is adhered to the Banking Act (2009), which implicit that influential organisations can be held responsible for taking control over the bank in midst of crisis and banking regulations (Parliament, 2010). It also stimulates that in case of bankruptcy of failure of banking system the ownership is controlled under public or government organisation such as Bank of England and Treasury. This has led in recent downfall of financial institutions like Northern Rock, which was rescued by the Bank of England and later on sold to Virgin group. This could be termed as failure in banking system of the oldest British financial institution during the 08/09 financial crunch (Buckle & Thompson, pp. 333-345, 2005). 2. Literature Review The British Banking system has been subject to prudential regulations for quite a long time but is now affirmative in accepting a shift to integrated system, which divulges a single regulator controlling the entire financial intuition sector. According to Buckle and Thompson (2005), the banking failure was apparent since the Great Depression of 1920 when numerous banks and financial institutions collapsed due to failure of regulators and lack of compliance of banking legislations. The British banking sector was not affected with the major crisis until 1973, when Bank of England rescued several secondary banks that were strongly depended on heavy deposits due to intra-bank

The idea of suffering as a' call to the Other' Assignment

The idea of suffering as a' call to the Other' - Assignment Example That year Eric Cassel published a paper on suffering based on his experience as MD. This work that first appeared in New England Journal of Medicine launched a new direction in discussing suffering in healthcare setting. Lots of representatives of other disciplines used Cassel’s understanding of suffering in their publications to draw attention to the fact that suffering is not related just to physical injury or some disease, but relates to human suffering as well (Cassel, 1991). The core idea of Cassel’s perception of suffering is that the latter is â€Å"experienced by persons, not merely by bodies, and has its source in challenges that threaten the intactness of a person as a complex social and psychologic entity† (Cassel, 1982, p. 639). Moreover, the author expresses the view that suffering can include pain, yet is not restricted to it. Importantly, he asserts that to relieve human suffering is the obligation of the medical care. Cassel’s comparisons a nd studies in the area of pain and human suffering, as well as his thoughts on meaning are compatible with the themes of nursing and medical care explored in history. However, in practice one can find that despite their historic meaning, both medicine and nursing often fail to carry out this important duty within modern healthcare. Instead, they have become over technical and depersonalized. To our exploration of suffering as a Call to the Other, Cassel’s study of the illness and its meaning seems specifically relevant since it can be well applied to the nursing practice. Cassel thinks of personal meaning as a basic and principal dimension of what we know as personhood. To add, Cassel provides explanation of the importance of recognition of personal meaning. In particular, the researcher states that this recognition is crucial in understanding people’s illnesses and sufferings. Finally, Cassel rebukes current medicine for its ignorance of person’s spirit that dr ives human life, or in other words for its failure to include the transcendent dimension. ORIGINS OF SUFFERING In his study â€Å"Medicine and Human Suffering†, Professor Hiram Caton asserts that the origin of suffering within humans is their anxiety of death. He writes, â€Å"The fundamental human suffering is knowledge of mortality† (Caton, 1998). However, the vision of origins of suffering is far more complex. Suffering is classified as physical and psychological. For instance, Tudor speaks of physical, psychological suffering, and affliction. Recognizing the existing dichotomy between mind and body, Tudor defines physical suffering as â€Å"suffering felt as physical pain† and psychological suffering as â€Å"suffering felt as psychological pain† (Tudor, 2001: 23). In relation to psychological suffering, the term of affliction has been successfully developed by Weil. In his interpretation, suffering is perceived as affliction and it involves a combina tion of psychological distress, pain felt physically, and some social elements. In addition, psychological suffering is also known as ‘sorrow’, which seems to be unable to accurately reflect such states as distress, despair, anguish, shock, etc (Wyschgorod, 1990: 34). Psychological and physical suffering differ not just in the nature of pain that the Other experiences, but in terms of expressibility as well. On the basis of careful observation, Scarry has come to the conclusion that Physical pain does not simply resist language but actively destroys it, bringing

Discuss how psychological research into false memories has improved Essay

Discuss how psychological research into false memories has improved the reliabilty of eyewitness testimony - Essay Example The most important variables in eyewitness identification include perception, memory, communication and candour of the eyewitness. However, it has been a tough job for even trained observers to make accurate identification of the eyewitness. In this background, research in cognitive psychology on the subject of false memories proves to be greatly invaluable and such studies influence the reliability of eyewitness testimony immensely. As Daniel L. Schacter purports, experimental and theoretical studies of memory reveal that errors, distortions, and illusions are fundamental aspects of remembering and recollection. For the last two decades, there has been renewed interest in memory errors and distortions within psychotherapy and neuropsychology. â€Å"It is in the context of this debate that the term ‘false memory’ has come into common usage in psychological research. False memories refer to recollections that are in some way distorted or, in extreme cases, involve rememb ering events that never happened at all.† (Schacter, 1999, p. 193). Therefore, psychological research into false memories can greatly contribute to the reliability of eyewitness testimony and this paper makes a reflective exploration of how such examinations can improve the reliability of eyewitness testimony. ... The findings in the recent studies on the development of false memories prove that benign memories can be distorted in various ways during the process of encoding and retrieval. As Rowland W. Folensbee maintains, â€Å"research into false memories does not call into question the existence of memory processes that could maintain implicit traumatic memories. In fact, recent neuroimaging research offers support for the existence of flashbacks that not connected to explicit memory processes. (Folensbee, 2007, p. 119). Therefore, the recent studies on the process of recovering implicit memories have introduced a new way of understanding the working of false memories and these researches contribute to the comprehension of the fundamental aspects of memory. It is fundamental to realize that the cognitive psychologists have identified the occurrence of false memories and the recent experimental research in the area contributes to a better analysis of false memories. The significant connecti on between the recent psychological research into false memories and the reliability of eyewitness testimony cannot be questioned, because the developments in this area of neuropsychological research have contributed to the reliability of eyewitness testimony. One of the core aspects of the judicial process has been the reliability of eyewitness testimony and every attempt to improve its validity has great implications in legal psychology. According to Tversky and Fisher, it is fundamental for the participants in the judicial process to recognize the fallibility of witness memories. (Tversky and Fisher, 2000). The recent studies in neuropsychology concerning human memory focus on the susceptibility of the

In what ways does recycling directly impact the sustainability of the Essay

In what ways does recycling directly impact the sustainability of the environment - Essay Example Recycling is an alternative to land filling, which in any case in getting scare. In addition, the impact of global warming is much less in recycling than in landfill. Recycling is a major industry and for the sustainability of the environment, the infrastructure has to be in order. Recycling is assumed to be environmentally beneficial but even the process of collecting, sorting and processing material gives rise to environmental impacts and energy use (Postnote 2002). The impact of recycling different products is charted in the table below: Even though recycling results in energy conservation and conservation of natural resources, it does impact the environment through the greenhouse emissions, pollution or the use of finite resources. Recycling positively impacts the environment in several ways. It reduces waste going into landfills, it saves energy in producing fresh products and it reduces the amount of pollution from litter, incineration and misuse. Using three tons of recycled paper can save 17 trees, 7,000 gallons of water, and three cubic yards of landfill (Globalimpact 2005). E-waste has become very common in most countries and particularly in China where economic development has been very rapid. It is an important waste stream in terms of both quantity and toxicity (Liu, Tanaka and Matsui 2005). Both businesses and homes discard e-waste that come from equipments like computers, televisions, refrigerators and the like. The recycling process in China is absolutely informal and this has an adverse impact on the environment. Recycling of the e-waste takes place in the villages in China and is handled by the uneducated people. These uneducated people use technology like burning or acid dipping and the waste is then dumped in the local river that has become polluted. E-waste includes several metals and chemicals and lead is commonly used in the equipments. Lead can cause chronic damage to the nervous and reproductive systems. According to

Small Business Hiring Picks Up in July Research Paper

Small Business Hiring Picks Up in July - Research Paper Example There is a 0.7% increase on the hours worked by the employees. As per the report, the increase in the work hours is a clear indication of the amount of work in these businesses. An increased hiring rate coupled by increased pay rate is a matter of competition for the employees. Subject of Agreement The report is based on the trends of the companies that have always had more than 20 employees and that use Intuit’s online payroll software. There are some other reports and survey that gives contrasting information compared to this. Chamber of Commerce conducted a survey in July which shows that more than half of the business owners surveyed have said that they won’t be hiring in 2011. (Lopez, 2011) The business owners pointed out reasons like economic uncertainty, poor sales and lack of credit availability as the reasons for not hiring. The fact that Intuit report is based on data from few small businesses and there are contrasting data available from other reports reduces the reliability if Intuit Report. Moreover, the report is based on the data from June 23 to July 24, the trend which is not assured to sustain in the coming months. The recent happenings in the market are also showing that the economy is going through a very critical situation. Some people have also started speaking about double dip recession though the possibility of the same is highly unlikely as per the experts. Also, most SME’s business is depended on the business performance of large scale corporations. Most SME’s in the country’s customers are the large scale corporations though a good portion of them markets products for the end consumers. But the overall US unemployment data shows that the unemployment rate came down to a level of 9.1%. (Tradingeconomics.com, 2011) The increase in the employment rate came from the private sector which added 154,000 jobs. The fact that private sector contributed to the employment and more that 85% of the SME’s are private sector companies support the view of Intuit report. Therefore, I agree with the findings of the report that Small Business Hiring is increasing. Scope for a Different Presentation There was scope for presentation of the subject in a different context. With the available data, the report shouldn’t have concluded that it applies to the entire small business sector of the country. A person who reads only the Intuit report without a wider look into the results of other related information will be biased to believe that small business hiring is always picking up. This can just lead to wrong business or investment decisions. Instead of concluding that the small business hiring is increasing, it should just have said that there is an improvement in certain small business segment. It should just indicate that there is an indication that business at SME’s are catching up. The main reason is that Intuit report had very limited information to support its findings. Presen ting the report as a reference material for arriving at the overall unemployment data would have been better. The Intuit report is definitely a good source of information for conducting an unemployment statistics study. But with the data it relied on, the report cannot act as a finding in itself. The author made the report as a conclusion for the entire small business sector. But the fact that the data was related to only few small businesses

Features of smart phone Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Features of smart phone - Research Paper Example Furthermore, a majority of the contemporary smart phones exhibit 3G capabilities (Albright, 25). To this end, 3G is an acronym of third generation which implies new communication standards, procedures and devices that will enhance the quality and speed of services available on the go. In this regard, 4G technology is soon being incorporated within smartphone devices. This is projected to increase the benefits of smart phones. To this end, the popularity of smart phones has increased significantly over the years to the extent that it is viewed as a lifestyle trend to own one. Its popularity stems from the multiple benefits that have made the life of modern human beings much better. One of the benefits of a smartphone is that it keeps the user organised. Evidently, the smartphone handsets have inbuilt features such as contact lists, electronic diaries, calendar, note pad, voice recorder and automatic reminders that basically act as personal organisers. To this end, the smartphone is ve ry convenient among professionals in white collar jobs since they can easily organize their daily schedules pertaining to issues such as meetings, appointments, conferences, among others. The benefits of a Smartphone also extend to its similarity in functions to that of a desktop computer. Foremost, the smartphone has a QWERTY keypad that is similar to the computer keyboard. Moreover, the keypad comes in hardware version with physical keys that can be easily be typed as well as a software version that is evident on touch screens such as I-phones. Moreover, the smartphone exhibits capability of browsing entire websites that contain high amount of data. In addition, there are also smart phones applications similar to Microsoft office which allows the creation and editing of documents. To this end, persons owning smart phones do not necessarily need to own a desktop computer. The smart phones also have GPS capability (Ga?rtner, William, and Michael, 526). Evidently, the GPS is suitable whenever a person needs to locate an area that is unfamiliar or new to a person. To this end, whenever a person is travelling to places that are unknown, it is highly convenient for him or her to activate the GPS and find the place (Karimi, 19). The smartphone hence assists in making the tour navigable. Furthermore, the GPS capability saves the user the inconvenience of carrying a map whenever travelling. In organizations smart phones enable organizational investment in the employee. According to Mohammad and Syed the solutions offered by smart phones enable work responsibilities to be more desirable (9). This is through the reduction of time spent by an individual on repetitive or menial tasks. Furthermore, the user can also reference flash presentations, eBooks, audiovisual training material, as well as carrying instructional manuals on storage cards with high capacity (Ilyas and Syed, 10). The smart phone also exhibits the benefit of customer relationship management (CRM) in org anizations (Ilyas and Syed, 10). This is through CRM applications that assist in the streamlining of supply chain operation. Evidently, the applications enable workers in an organization to track inventory levels and features, automate schedules and features. These consequently minimize customer visits and reduce downtime. Hospitality applications incorporated in smart phones have been beneficial to people working in the hotel and hospitality industry. These are through applications for curb side check-in

Operational Difference †Major company stake is owned by franchises Essay Example for Free

Operational Difference – Major company stake is owned by franchises Essay As I went through the historical span of Burger King History, the franchises of Burger King played a major part in expansion of the parent company from the early 1960’s till date. The relation of franchises and management has always been influential and significant in success and failures of Burger King History. Primarily, the company operated with major investment from franchises and minimal from the company, so the decisions and relationship with franchises was crucial. Flame broiler a unique device that improved with decades in Burger King history The company was set-up on the basis of the oven called ‘Insta-broiler’ for cooking burgers. The purpose had been inspired from McDonald’s speedy service. It was further mechanised into a gas grill without changing patties and self functional by means of a conveyor belt. Further, the device was also customised and technologically advanced to produce Chicken sandwich, Chicken Whopper, Veggie burger, etc. Drive –thru service The company though was working hard on franchises and unique device to meet operational needs; it was mainly oriented to meet demand of production at ‘Drive-thru’ restaurants. This was because the company had major part of its sales revenue i.e. 70 % from ‘Drive-thru’ operations. Later this competence was adapted by McDonald and other competitors as well. However the effectiveness and efficiency of Burger King’s ‘Drive-thru’ was easily highlighted. Competitive methods of Burger King The purpose of its competitive strategy is to build a sustainable competitive advantage over the organization’s rivals. It defines the fundamental decisions that guide the organization’s marketing, financial management and operating strategies. As there were many significant changes in the history of Burger King, eventually there were different competitive methods used in different span in history. Some of the significant competitive methods are listed as follows: 1} Initial decade in Burger king’s history, ‘Insta-broiler’ a device competitive in making burgers and technological advancements in the same gave it a competitive advantage. 2} High amount of franchises worldwide executed major ownership stake and customised operations in the outlets. This was tightened and a new company structure was formed, followed by a new competitive aptitude. [Year 1963 -1967] 3} Push sale approach led increase in competitive breakfast market and thus improve in position in market. Burger King moved to second position in US fast food market after McDonald. [Year 1982-1985] 4} Launched a Burger King Kids Club program that help the company to increase sales and successful entry into a new market segment. [Year 1990-1995] 5} Introduction of a TURNAROUND PLAN named ‘Go Forward Plan’, which was significant to attain objectives like increasing profit, create a customer image, teamwork, etc.[Year 2000]. One more advantage Burger King introduced was ‘Revamped Chicken Whopper’, helpful to compete with other competitors. Burger King McDonald’s (BK is simply not as big as McD) Some of the basic company facts and objectives of both the companies, help us understand how Burger King is not as big as McDonald’s in global terms. Facts Burger King McDonald Founder 1941 by Richard and Maurice McDonald 1953 by Keith J.Cramer Present chain 12,150 outlets in 50 states and US territories and 74 countries More than 31,000 outlets in 119 countries Revenue $2.5 Billion Number of employees 360,000 employees 1,500,000 employees (1.5 million) Customers 11.8 million customers daily worldwide 58 million customers across the globe Products offered Flame-broiled burgers including the Whopper, Burger King also offers chicken sandwiches, fish sandwiches, French fries, onion rings, salads, chicken fries and Croissanwiches for breakfast. McDonald’s predominantly sells hamburgers, various types of chicken sandwiches and products, French fries, soft drinks, breakfast items, and desserts. In most markets, McDonald’s offers salads and vegetarian items, wraps Calorie content A Burger King Double Whopper has around 920 calories A McDonalds Big Mac consists of 540 calories Objectives Burger King McDonalds Market share 21.9 % in US fast food industry 44% in US fast food industry Value for money More bigger product for reasonable price Product size is smaller with inexpensive price Franchising More than 90 % of the outlets are franchised A little less than 30 % Suppliers The suppliers vary with various franchise in different locations worldwide. McDonald chooses best suppliers and type and quality of meat varies with country culture. Advertising The BK adverts were quite confusing and sending wrong messages in potential market which affected cultural values and also brand image at times. McDonalds often had appropriate ways of advertising and were supportive to increase sales and popularity of the brand. Issues relating to Burger King The case study is very critical in understanding the issues related with Burger King’s history. Some of the prominent issues from past to present can be listed as follows: Franchise management – The company found it difficult to manage more than 90% franchise in the business of Burger King products and services. Crucial reason was also the percentage of stake ownership , which was initially 38% and was improved to 42% by Donald Smith, former McDonald executive. Changes in leadership – The history of Burger King marked approximately 20 changes in management. The changes in short term span affected oragnisation focus over goals and objectives, affected brand image adversely and lacked consistency in operation. Unhealthy food – The Company came prominently in highlight during the era from 2003 as potential customers had responded to be health conscious. The period marked spread of mad-cow disease and obesity levels among children was a rising concern. Market recession – The US economy faced economic recession from 2006 and needs brand to take effective measures to sustain and avoid losing loyal customers to competitors. Recommendations for future development in UK The Burger King opened its first branch/outlet in UK in 1977 on Coventry Street in London. Since then till date Burger King has 654 restaurants in UK ( out of which 73 are owned) whereas it has 139 ‘drive-through’ restaurants. Considering the present fast food environment in UK, following recommendations come in lime-light: HEALTHY FOOD – Burger King UK has currently many problems within the environment in company and surrounding, however one of the prime concern is healthy food. The company needs to produce fast food with less saturated fats and salt content. The problem of obesity in UK is high as well and addressing to this concern is the need of demand to survive over the competitors. PRIME LOCATIONS and EVENTS – Burger King needs to increase its influence and market share in UK, by serving at prime hot spots as well as at travel destinations. The presence of Burger King on high streets and at various national rail stations and airport is reasonable, however it needs to be accessible at hot tourist spots and business oriented commercial areas. SPEED – Burger King needs to increase its speed of delivering products and services to customers, as it has been competing with McDonalds over more than 50 years and still lacks speed during peak periods. Speed in operations helps to generate revenue in coping zone. Schools of strategy – Burger King’s evolution (analyse critically) Strategy formation is judgmental designing, intuitive visioning, and emergent learning; it is about transformation as well as perpetuation; it has to include analyzing before and programming after as well as negotiating during †¦Ã¢â‚¬  – Henry Mintzberg However there is a difference in perspective leading to strategy arguments. Mintzberg identified this and tried to debate and answer different perspectives through his 10 Schools of Strategy/Thinking. The burger King History prominently highlights two of them, explained as follows: 1] The Power School – Strategy Systems as Processes of Negotiation According to the power school, strategy systems are described to be mainly shaped by power and politics, whether as a process inside the enterprise itself or as the behaviour of the enterprise as a whole within its external environment. Strategies that may result from such processes tend to be emergent in nature, and take the forms of positions and actions more than perspectives. On the one hand parts of the power school (‘micro power’) see strategy making as the interplay, through persuasion, bargaining, and sometimes through direct confrontation, among narrow scope interests and shifting coalitions, with none dominant for any significant period. On the  other hand other parts of power school (‘macro power’) see the enterprise as promoting its own welfare by controlling or cooperating with other enterprise (such as Franchises), through the use of strategic manipulation as well as collective strategies in various kinds of networks and alliances. EXAMPLE – Burger King at different period in history, tried to take control over franchises by executing greater control over their operations and direct confrontation with various industry giants/ suppliers. These various processes implemented to achieve power through strategy highlights ‘THE POWER SCHOOL’. 2] The Configuration School – Strategy Systems as Process of Transformation The school follows a formation approach wherein the organisation is transforming into one type of decision making structure into another. The school interrupts the period of stability by some process of transformation. It has configuration of strategy formation from other nine schools which are – Design school – Strategy formation as an architecture process Planning school – Strategy formation as a formal process Positioning school Strategy formation as an analytical process Entrepreneurial school – Strategy formation as a visionary process Cognitive school – Strategy formation as a mental process Learning (or Emergent) school – Strategy formation as an emergent process Power school – Strategy formation as a process of negotiation Cultural school – Strategy formation as a collective process Environmental school – Strategy formation as a reactive process The school recognises a appropriate combination of any one or more of them taking into context a particular type. EXAMPLE – Burger King history marks use of Positioning school in year 1980 -1983 to create a brand image and achieve second position in US fast food market. 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Shamus Khans Concepts of Gender and Sexuality

Shamus Khans Concepts of Gender and Sexuality In chapter four of Privileged, Shamus Khan writes about the young women at St. Pauls being taught to perform gender (Kahn, 2013). The idea behind performing gender for the young women at St. Paul was the necessity to appear feminine. This concept is not very uncommon outside of St. Pauls learning institution; many individuals dress, speak, and present themselves in a way to show their gender identity as well as their sexual preference. At this specific institution, many of the girls developed a way to use their sexuality as a gift and in some cases, they thought of it as power. Since these girls attended St. Paul they might have felt as though it was necessary to appeal to the young men so that they can more feel comfortable at the school. In a sense, many of the young women at the school attempted to exploit their own sexuality for gain. The main concept behind the young women using their sexuality was the ability to maintain a sense of ease so this was a way of them embracing their femininity. However, the teachings and idea of embracing femininity can be modified in a way so that the young women are not just limited to embrace being feminine to be at ease at St. Paul. It should be taught that the young women should be able to be comfortable expressing their sexuality by being feminine, masculine or both at St. Paul and continue to go to the school with an ease and not feel mistreated in any way based of their display of sexuality. There is no doubt that many of the young women at St. Paul were very intellectual individuals. It was very clear from the chapter that the young women at the school needed to work harder for them to be successful at the school. That did not dismiss the fact that they still needed to act as though the success that they received at the school came with ease. Khan gave an example in the chapter of Mary who was a very hard worker and was successful because of it; however, she was still viewed differently from her peers at the school. This was because she succeeded, but did so without ease (Khan, 2013). This concept of ease was to be upheld from all students at the school, but as we can see from this chapter it was more difficult from the young women at the school to maintain the appearance of ease. So, although they were intellectual they still had the need to endorse their sexuality and show their femininity as well as appeal to the men for them to feel as though they secured a certain amount of ease at St. Paul. In this chapter embracing their sexuality is very important to the young women at St. Paul, it is shown when Kahn described these girls going to seated meals dressed in their formal clothing. Although St. Paul has the no bare shoulders seated meal rule the girls found ways around these rules by making up excuses about the necessity to wear the dressed because they could not have changed fast enough to make it to eat their meals on time among many other excuses (Kahn, 2013). In a way, that one way that they embraced their sexuality, we can often see this is social institutions outside of St. Paul. As a woman if you are going on a date with a man you are expected to look a certain way to appeal to the mans sexually. For a woman, this also occurs when you are going to an interview, if you ever take a workshop on how to have a successful interview they usually recommend women wear a skirt and a blouse with low heels. Woman dressing up to show their sexuality is not very uncommon today an d throughout history, it is one of the ways that women perform gender. At St. Paul, many of the girls had to teach and figure out their sexuality from other girls that had attended the school longer or by themselves. This was apparent when the younger girls where taught by older and more experienced girls how to use their sexuality to appeal to the young men at the school. The young girls were given pointers about how to go about their sexual exploits. Before they spend too much time with any boy, new girls are told, they should talk to the seniors in the dorm to learn his reputation (Kahn, 2013). Essentially, they are setting up the younger girls so that they can also know how to technically exploit their own sexuality. At St. Paul, the young women are essentially expected to give out signals to appeal to the young man to show that you are interested. This can be shown through performing you gender, dressing up in certain clothes, the way you speak and act to displays these sexual preferences. The idea of performing gender for young women at St. Paul was to appear feminine. That is what St. Paul taught if you were a young woman at the school then you needed to make sure that you acted and presented yourself in a feminine manner. Either you were feminine or masculine at St. Paul and if you were a young woman that did not perform your gender in accordance with a feminine way you were teased and talked about in negative ways. Khan mentions this when talking about Lynn, a young woman who was in a relationship with another girl at the school. Lynn dressed in baggy clothes and a St. Pauls sweatshirt. That was considered wrong not because of her sexual preference but because of the way that she performed her gender it was interpreted as not in a feminine way. This concept can be modified to appeal to the sense that if the young women that are attempting to establish their sexuality want to perform their gender to the fullest they should be able to do so without the limitations th at St. Paul attempts to build upon.ÂÂ   If Lynn feels more comfortable wearing baggy clothes and not dressing up or conforming to dress in a feminine manner than she should not be teased or treated differently because of that. St. Paul needs to modify the idea that if you are female you need to present yourself in a feminine way and if you are a man then you need to present yourself in a masculine way. The reality is that the students are attempting to find their own sexuality, and this cannot be fully achieved if they are limited through dress, speech, and actions. St. Paul has attempted to uphold old and outdated ideas on sexuality and performing gender. In the past women were expected to dress and act feminine no matter what their sexuality because society has closed ideals on family and upheld the patriarchal family. Although it took a while women are free to express their sexuality and dress and act in a way that feel. Even in workplace settings, an individual who identifies as female can dress in a masculine way and be working a high paying job. Over time too many women have fought to be themselves in society without being denied or mistreated from others. Many young women outside of St. Paul are str uggling with feeling comfortable in their own sexuality and expressing that the way they would like. If those girls are struggling outside of St. Paul imagine the girls that would love to express themselves in a non-feminine manner but are pressed to present themselves in a feminine way for them to be comfortable in school. In chapter four it is very clear that St. Paul is upholding the barrier that the young women need to appear feminine regardless of their way of expressing their sexuality. That barrier needs to be broken down, because when female students graduate St. Paul, they are left in a state confusion towards their sexuality; because they feel as though they cannot dress, speak, and act in a way that does not reflect feminism. If the young women are encouraged to embrace their sexuality, but are limited to expressing that only through a feminine aspect it is a contradictory concept. Although I completely agree with the idea that the young women need to find a way to embrace their sexuality, because it helps shape your identity. Many of the girls at St. Paul probably felt that they would love to dress like Lynn because it would feel comfortable for them but they were afraid of being in the same uncomfortable position and the lack of ease that came with not presenting yourself in a feminine mann er. I still feel as though if the young women are encouraged to discover and embrace their sexuality, then they should not be limited to that embracement of sexuality expressed in a strictly feminine manner. If St. Paul can adjust to the concept that young women need to be able to discover and embrace their sexuality in a way that allows them to be feminine, masculine or both than many of the women would feel more comfortable and at ease. Bibliography Khan, Shamus R. 2013. Privilege: The Making of an Adolescent Elite at St. Pauls School. Princeton University Press.

Procedures In Accident Investigation And Reporting Practiced Construction Essay

Procedures In Accident Investigation And Reporting Practiced Construction Essay Chapter 1 Introduction Background of the Problem Section 15 (1) of the Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994 (Act 514) says It shall be the duty of every employer and every self-employed person to ensure, so far as is practicable, the safety, health and welfare at work of all his employees. It is a well known fact that no matter how good and well established a site safety program is, accidents do happened from time to time. There are many factors that contribute to these accidents, not to mention the degree of severity and it is the job of the Safety and Health Officer to determine precisely what really happens when an accident occur. It is important to conduct accident investigations with accident prevention in mind. Investigations are NOT to place blame. Too often investigations degenerate into fingerprinting, blame fixing and fault-finding exercises because the persons involved do not understand the reasons for or real value which can be gained from good accident investigations. Accident/incident investigations are a tool for uncovering hazards that either were missed earlier or have managed to slip out of the controls planned for them. It is also important to have a standardized and proper structure of accident investigation and reporting in order to get an accurate picture of what really transpired in an accident. Inaccuracies will most likely point to the wrong cause of accidents and this will inadvertently cause errors in deduction and also the wrong recommendations being made for the mitigation steps. In order to get a true representation and a clear picture of what causes an accident, there must be a standard in carrying out investigation, standard perfoma to be used, a set of general questions to be asked and equipments to help a Safety and Health Officer in carrying out his duties. By having a standard operating procedure for accident investigation and reporting, and with the help from the Department of Safety and Health (DOSH), statistics could be derived and major contributors to accidents could be identified and properly studied mitigation steps could be formulated. This will undoubtedly benefit the industry as a whole. Problem Statement What is an accident? Accident can be defined as an unplanned and uncontrolled event that led to, or could have led to injury to persons, damage to property/plant/equipment, and impairment to the environment or some other loss to the company. Problem that was observed at the Senai Pasir Gudang Desaru Expressway with regards to accident reporting is the communication breakdown that occurs; where the personnel involved does not know whom to call in a case of an emergency or fatality. Could this be because of insufficient training? Neglected induction courses? Ineffective tool-box meeting? This paper will try to find the root cause of this communication breakdown and in doing so will hopefully improve on the accident reporting and investigation procedures. The Research Framework We need to have a good understanding of the existing research results, on which to build new and relevant research activities for Occupational Safety and Health approaches. We also need to understand the appropriate research approaches for producing new knowledge. To make these activities manageable, we use a research framework. A research framework defines the categories of outputs that research can produce. It also defines a set of different research activities. Moreover, it defines what kind of research activities can be used to produce specific outputs. In tackling the questions brought herewith, a combination of primary data obtained from real research undertaken at site in the form of questionnaires and interviews involving personnel from specific department of a company and secondary data from materials taken from magazines, newspapers, internet etc will be used. Data derived from both of these data acquisition activities will hopefully answers some of the questions to the problems faced by the Safety Officers and Supervisors at site. Objective of Study The objectives of the study undertaken are to: To standardized the accident or incident reporting and investigating procedures practiced at site To address any shortcomings concluded from the study undertaken To ascertain the accident report mechanism currently practiced at site Research Questions Special consideration has to be taken in asking questions about accidents reporting and investigation. In order to ascertain where the communication breakdown occurs in an event of an accident, the main question that needs to be asked is: Do you know whom to call in case of an emergency? Is the Emergency Contact List prominently displayed at the site office or the work place? Have you been given proper induction training before starting work? Have you been given talks on what to do in an accident at your workplace? These questions have to be asked to workers of many ethnicity and considerations have to be given to the sensitivity of different cultures and religions. Significance of Study It is hoped that after conclusions have been made from the study undertaken, the accident reporting and investigation procedures could be further improve in line with the Occupational Safety and Health Management principles. Scope of Study This study encompasses the accident reporting and investigation procedures practiced at the Senai Pasir Gudang Desaru Expressway project. Two fatalities have been recorded at the worksite thus far and improvement to the overall work safety is of paramount importance to avoid any more fatalities. Accidents can yield positive results if we learn from what went wrong and prevent a reoccurrence. To achieve this we need to investigate the circumstances that led to the accident and report, record, analyses and correct its effects. Definition of Terms Below are the definitions of terms used for the purpose of this study. SAFETY AND HEALTH OFFICER a person appointed by the contractor at site to be responsible for maintaining safety and protection against accidents. This person shall have the authority to issue instructions and take proactive measures to prevent accidents. HOT WORK use of open flames, other heat sources and/or spark-producing devices where there is a potential for explosion or fire. INCIDENT an undesirable event, which has the potential to cause a serious accident. LOSS PREVENTION a before-the-loss procedure designed to identify and correct potential causes of accidents before they result in actual injuries or financial loss. MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET a summary sheet supplied by the chemical manufacturers that identifies the hazards, proper handling procedures and emergency treatment for a particular chemical. REGULATION a rule, ordinance, law, legal regulation or device by which conduct or performances is controlled. SAFE WORK PERMIT a permit issued as a written record by which the employer or employee in charge of a unit, equipment, building or area authorizes a worker and/or crew to do a specific job at the worksite. It identifies the safe work practices required for the type of work to be performed in the specified job location. SERIOUS INCIDENT a life endangering event to people, property and environment, such as major collapse of structure or plant or any incident causing multiple injuries to workers. SUB-CONTRACTOR a business, firm, partnership, consultant or individual hired by the Contractor to perform a specific task or job; or any business, firm, partnership, consultant or individual, other than employees of the Contractor, working on or around Contractors property. VISITOR any person temporarily on the worksite who is not regularly involved in the daily worksite activities. This includes, but is not limited to, delivery personnel, invited guest, the general public, etc. WILL, SHALL OR MUST to be understood as a mandatory condition. Chapter 2 Accident Investigation and Reporting Introduction The failure of people, equipment, supplies, or surroundings to behave or react as expected causes most of them. Accident investigations determine how and why these failures occur. By using the information gained through an investigation, a similar, or perhaps more disastrous, accident may be prevented. It is important to conduct accident investigations with prevention in mind. Definition of Accident Investigation and Reporting The term accident can be defined as an unplanned event that interrupts the completion of an activity, and that may (or may not) include injury or property damage. An incident usually refers to an unexpected event that did not cause injury or damage this time but had the potential. Near miss or dangerous occurrence is also terms for an event that could have caused harm but did not. Accidents occur when hazards escape detection during preventive measures, such as a job or process safety analysis, when hazards are not obvious, or as the result of combinations of circumstances that were difficult to foresee. A thorough accident investigation may identify previously overlooked physical, environmental, administrative, or process hazards, the need for new or more extensive safety training, or unsafe work practices. The primary focus of any accident investigation should be the determination of the facts surrounding the incident and the lessons that can be learned to prevent future similar occurrences. Importance of Accident Investigation and Reporting The first priority whenever an accident occurs is to deal with the emergency and ensure that any injuries or illnesses receive prompt medical attention. The accident investigation should begin immediately thereafter. This ensures that details of what occurred will be fresh in peoples minds and that witnesses dont influence one another by talking about the accident. It also minimizes the likelihood that important evidence is not moved, lost, taken, destroyed, or thrown away before the scene has been thoroughly inspected. There are indeed significant gains from good quality accident investigations. Most importantly, accident investigation are carried out to find out the cause of accidents and to prevent similar accidents in the future. Apart from this, accident investigation is also carried out to learn from what went wrong. Determination of the cause of the accident is also an important factor. Preventing recurrence of the accident, improving the work environment, compliance of regula tory requirements, finding out the cost of the accident, to fulfil moral obligation, defining trends, provision of information in case of litigation, reduction of operating costs by control of accidental losses and to express concern by the management are some of the importance of carrying out an effective accident investigation and reporting. Conclusion All accidents should be investigated. The depth and complexity of the investigation will vary with the circumstances and seriousness of the accident. The Safety Officer or other individual responsible for operations involved in an accident should ensure that an investigation is conducted and that when appropriate, corrective actions are taken. Incidents that involve no injury or property damage should still be investigated to determine the hazards that should be corrected. The same principles apply to a quick inquiry of a minor incident and to the more formal investigation of a serious event. Note: The term incident is used in some situations and jurisdictions to cover both an accident and incident. It is argued that the word accident implies that the event was related to fate or chance. When the root cause is determined, it is usually found that many events were predictable and could have been prevented if the right actions were taken making the event not one of fate or chance (thus, the word incident is used). For simplicity, we will use the term accident to mean all of the above events. When accidents are investigated, the emphasis should be concentrated on finding the root cause of the accident rather than the investigation procedure itself so we can prevent it from happening again. The purpose is to find facts that can lead to actions, not to find fault. Always look for deeper causes. Do not simply record the steps of the event. Chapter 3 Methodology Introduction The important criteria in adopting a research methodology should depend on what information we need to collect in order to make an informed conclusion to questions that arises from problems that needs to be addressed. The more focused we are about what we want to gain by our research, the more effective and efficient we can be in our research, the shorter the time it will take us and ultimately the less it will cost us (whether in your own time, the time of your employees and/or the time of a consultant). There are trade offs, too, in the breadth and depth of information we get. The more breadth we want, usually the less depth well get (unless we have a great deal of resources to carry out the research). Study Location The study location would be the project site of the Senai-Pasir Gudang-Desaru Expressway with emphasis on the personnel involved at the work site. These personnel would be the Safety and Health Officer and Supervisor, the work supervisors and foremen whom are responsible over several workers. Questionnaire Questionnaires are an inexpensive way to gather data from a potentially large number of respondents. Often they are the only feasible way to reach a number of reviewers large enough to allow statistically analysis of the results. A well-designed questionnaire that is used effectively can gather information on both the overall performance of the test system as well as information on specific components of the system. If the questionnaire includes demographic questions on the participants, they can be used to correlate performance and satisfaction with the test system among different groups of users. For the purpose of this study, I have prepared a simple questionnaire directed at key personnel at the work site with questions encompassing various aspects of occupational safety and health such as written safety and health program, managers responsibility, supervisors responsibility, safety managers role, employees, safety committees, safety and health inspection, regulatory compliance, safety and health training, injury and illness prevention activities, accident investigation and reporting and lastly on emergency preparedness. A sample of this questionnaire is attached together with this project paper in appendix 1. Analysis of Data When analyzing data from questionnaires, always start from review of the research goals, i.e., the reason we undertook the research in the first place. This will help us organize our data and focus our analysis. For example, if we want to improve a program by identifying its strengths and weaknesses, we can organize data into program strengths, weaknesses and suggestions to improve the program. If we want to fully understand how our program works, we could organize data in the chronological order in which customers or clients go through our program. If we are conducting a performance improvement study, we can categorize data according to each measure associated with each overall performance result, e.g., employee learning, productivity and results. Chapter 4 Research Results Introduction A total of 10 questionnaires have been distributed to Safety Officers/Supervisors at the Senai Pasir Gudang Desaru Expressway project site and various other project sites in Melacca and Kuala Lumpur to gauge the accident investigation and reporting mechanism. Out of the 10 questionnaires given out, 8 responded. The sample of the questionnaire can be found in Appendix I. Respondence Background All of the respondence are qualified Safety Officers and Safety Supervisors appointed by their respective companies and are registered with the Department of Safety and Health Malaysia (DOSH) or at least have attended courses conducted by the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Malaysia. They were chosen as respondence base on their vast experience and knowledge on Construction Safety and Health issues. It is hoped that their valuable feedback could improve the accident reporting and investigation procedures practiced at their respective site. Research Outcome Response from the questionnaires is tabulated and the result is shown in the spreadsheet below. No Description Respondent YES NO YES % 1 Written Safety a. Management commitment 8 8 0 100 b. Safety performance standard 8 5 3 62.5 c. Employee involvement 8 8 0 100 d. Written safety rules/procedures 8 8 0 100 e. Safety inspection 8 7 1 87.5 f. Loss prevention 8 8 0 100 g. Regulatory compliance 8 8 0 100 h. Safety and health training 8 8 0 100 i. Accident reporting/investigation 8 6 2 75 j. Safety and health promotion 8 8 0 100 k. Return to work policy 8 1 7 12.5 Average YES 85.2 2 Do Managers: a. Conduct/attend safety meetings 8 6 2 75 b. Review serious accidents/near misses 8 8 0 100 c. Ensure supervisors accountable 8 4 4 50 d. Conduct safety inspection 8 6 2 75 e. Recognize safety performance 8 2 6 25 f. Attend safety training session 8 2 6 25 g. Talk to employees about safety 8 6 2 75 h. Follow safety rules and procedures 8 7 1 87.5 i. Require supervisors to complete one safety project/year 8 0 8 0 j. Encourage supervisors to attend outside safety training 8 6 2 75 k. Provide adequate resource for accident prevention 8 5 3 62.5 l. Include safety in supervisors job description/performance 8 4 4 50 m. Review the quality of accident investigation reports 8 6 2 75 Average YES 59.6 3 Do Safety Officers/Supervisors: a. Conduct safety meetings with their employees 8 8 0 100 b. Perform safety inspections of their department 8 8 0 100 c. Take appropriate action(s) to correct safety rules 8 8 0 100 d. Talk to their employees 8 8 0 100 e. Promptly complete and submit accident investigation reports 8 8 0 100 f. Attend supervisory safety training programs 8 8 0 100 g. Conduct periodic planned safety observations 8 8 0 100 h. Identify and complete at least one safety project annually 8 3 5 37.5 i. Review and respond promptly to employee suggestions 8 8 0 100 j. Initiate immediate action(s) to correct unsafe conditions/acts 8 8 0 100 Average YES 93.75 4 Do Safety Manager: a. Conduct formal safety and health inspections 8 4 4 50 b. Encourage employees to submit safety suggestions 8 0 8 0 c. Attend at least one departmental safety meeting each quarter 8 8 0 100 d. Participate in investigation of serious injuries/near misses 8 8 0 100 e. Coordinate regulatory compliance activities 8 4 4 50 f. Conduct safety training for employees/supervisors 8 2 6 25 g. Conduct induction training 8 8 0 100 h. Attend 1-2 professional development courses annually 8 8 0 100 i. Review accident statistics and workers compensation costs 8 8 0 100 j. Serve as Chairperson or member of the Safety Committee 8 8 0 100 Average YES 72.5 5 Do employees: a. Follow all established safety rules and procedures 8 6 2 75 b. Report unsafe conditions/accidents to their supervisor 8 7 1 87.5 c. Attend all required safety training programs 8 8 0 100 d. Submit safety suggestions 8 2 6 25 e. Maintain proper housekeeping at their work place 8 6 2 75 Average YES 72.5 6 Safety Committees a. Do your company have an active safety committee 8 8 0 100 b. If yes, does the Safety Committee i. Perform safety inspections 8 8 0 100 ii. Meet at least quarterly 8 8 0 100 c. Review all serious accidents 8 8 0 100 i. Recommend safety program improvement 8 8 0 100 ii. Monitor safety program effectiveness 8 8 0 100 iii. Take timely action on safety suggestion 8 6 2 75 iv. Maintain and publish minutes of each meeting 8 8 0 100 Average YES 96.9 7 Injury/Illness Prevention Activities a. Does your company use engineering controls and/or administrative controls to prevent or control workplace injuries and illnesses 8 8 0 100 b. Does your company use safety posters, health fairs etc to promote health and safety 8 8 0 100 c. Has a Job Safety Analysis (JSA) been completed for each hazardous job 8 8 0 100 d. Has your company developed an effective ergonomics program 8 2 6 25 e. Are safety and health requirements and concerns considered when purchasing new machines, equipment and chemical products 8 8 0 100 Average YES 85 8 Accident Reporting and Investigation a. Are all workplace injuries and illnesses reported and investigated 8 8 0 100 b. Are near misses and vehicle-related accidents reported and investigated 8 8 0 100 c. Have all supervisors and managers been trained in accident investigation procedures 8 8 0 100 d. Are Safety Officers/Supervisors required to complete a separate Accident Investigation Report 8 8 0 100 e. Are incomplete reports returned to the appropriate Safety Officers/Supervisors 8 8 0 100 f. Are accident prevention programs and activities based upon an analysis of accident reports and injury and illness rates 8 6 2 75 Average YES 95.8 9 Emergency Preparedness a. Does your company have a current Emergency Response Plan 8 8 0 100 b. Are emergency phone numbers and building maps/site maps posted 8 8 0 100 c. Do all personnel know how to respond to an emergency such as fire 8 6 2 75 d. Do your company conduct periodic disaster drills 8 4 4 50 e. Are alarms tested at least once per month 8 8 0 100 Average YES 85% Main Elements Studied The main elements studied are the Accidents Investigation and Reporting procedures. The targeted questions with respect to this area are as below:- Does your company have a current written safety and health program that addresses the following elements? i. Accident reporting and investigation? (75% answered YES) Do managers m. Review the quality of accident investigation reports? (75% answered YES) 3. Do safety officers/supervisors e. Promptly complete and submit accident investigation reports? (100% answered YES) 4. Do safety managers d. Participate in the investigation of serious injuries and near misses? (100% answered YES) 5. Do employees b. Report unsafe conditions and accidents to their safety officers/supervisors? (87.5% answered YES) 6. Safety committees c. Review all serious accidents? (100% answered YES) 8. Accident reporting and investigation All questions in this section are relevant to the topic discussed. (Average YES 95.8%) 9. Emergency Preparedness All questions in this section are relevant to the topic discussed. (Average YES 85%) Generally almost all of the respondents reported positively on aspects of accident investigation and reporting in their respective companies. From having a clear written policies to having an emergency response plan in place are sure signs that accident investigation and reporting are taken seriously and thus, the standards of safety and health could only improve. Chapter 5 Conclusion Introduction With every company taking a serious stand on aspects of safety and health at the work site, so does accident investigation and reporting procedures. From the feedback gathered through questionnaires, the accident investigation and reporting mechanism are properly in placed and practiced. Discussion Accidents are usually complex. An accident may have 10 or more events that can be causes. A detailed analysis of an accident will normally reveal three cause levels: basic, indirect, and direct. At the lowest level, an accident results only when a person or object receives an amount of energy or hazardous material that cannot be absorbed safely. This energy or hazardous material is the DIRECT CAUSE of the accident. The direct cause is usually the result of one or more unsafe acts or unsafe conditions, or both. Unsafe acts and conditions are the INDIRECT CAUSES or symptoms. In turn, indirect causes are usually traceable to poor management policies and decisions, or to personal or environmental factors. These are the BASIC CAUSES. In spite of their complexity, most accidents are preventable by eliminating one or more causes. Accident investigations determine not only what happened, but also how and why. The information gained from these investigations can prevent recurrence of similar or perhaps more disastrous accidents. Accident investigators are interested in each event as well as in the sequence of events that led to an accident. The accident type is also important to the investigator. The recurrence of accidents of a particular type or those with common causes shows areas needing special accident prevention emphasis. The actual procedures used in a particular investigation depend on the nature and results of the accident. The agency having jurisdiction over the location determines the administrative procedures. In general, responsible officials will appoint an individual to be in charge of the investigation. The investigator uses most of the following steps: 1. Define the scope of the investigation. 2. Select the investigators. Assign specific tasks to each (preferably in writing). 3. Present a preliminary briefing to the investigating team, including: a. Description of the accident, with damage estimates. b. Normal operating procedures. c. Maps (local and general). d. Location of the accident site. e. List of witnesses. f. Events that preceded the accident. 4. Visit the accident site to get updated information. 5. Inspect the accident site. a. Secure the area. Do not disturb the scene unless a hazard exists. b. Prepare the necessary sketches and photographs. Label each carefully and keep accurate records. 6. Interview each victim and witness. Also interview those who were present before the accident and those who arrived at the site shortly after the accident. Keep accurate records of each interview. Use a tape recorder if desired and if approved. 7. Determine a. What was not normal before the accident? b. Where the abnormality occurred. c. When it was first noted. d. How it occurred. 8. Analyze the data obtained in step 7. Repeat any of the prior steps, if necessary. 9. Determine a. Why the accident occurred. b. A likely sequence of events and probable causes (direct, indirect, basic). c. Alternative sequences. 10. Check each sequence against the data from step 7. 11. Determine the most likely sequence of events and the most probable causes. 12. Conduct a post-investigation briefing. 13. Prepare a summary report, including the recommended actions to prevent a recurrence. Distribute the report according to applicable instructions. An investigation is not

Crazy Drivers Essay -- essays research papers

I do not know how many times I have been driving down the road when someone does something stupid, ranging from pulling out in front of me or tailgating. More and more drivers enter the road every year and it seems as if less and less of them know how to drive. As a teen I often get stereotyped as a bad driver but this is a very unfair judgment. The fact is I have helped prevent accidents the closest I have ever been to being in an accident was the fault of an older gentleman. Still the numbers do not lie teens have the most accidents of any age bracket. Why do teens have the highest accident rate? I believe it is because of inexperience not bad habits. Most teens have only been driving for a very short time, if at all, when they receive their license this leads to accidents. People get ...

Animal Cruelty :: Psychology, Conduct Disorder

For one to completely understand animal cruelty one must know how animal cruelty is categorized. Animal cruelty was first categorized as a symptom of conduct disorder by the American Psychiatric Association in 1987 (McPhedran; 2008). Conduct disorder is defined as â€Å"a repetitive and persistent pattern of behavior in which the basic rights of others are major age appropriate societal norms or rules are violated† (American Psychiatric Association; 1994 as cited as McPhedran; 2008). To be diagnosed with conduct disorder, a person must have at least 3 of the 15 symptoms of the disorder presented. Other symptoms of conduct disorder include persistent patterns of aggression towards humans, lying and deception, theft and/or robbery, and destruction of property (American Psychiatric Association; 1994 as cited as McPhedran; 2008). There is variety of studies that shows that their factors that influence people’s judgments about cruelty. Attitudes about abuse and neglect can be reliably differentiated among both men and women; women tend to more empathic towards the animals that were abused; men and women differ with the regard to the structure of their attitude (Henry; 2008). The attitude about animal abuse differ between women and men is because men reflect a lower level of empathy than women, and that can result in men judging acts of violence differently (Pakaslanhti & Keltikanga- Jarvinen; 1997 as cited as Henry; 2008). Research has found that women have a stronger and broader moral strictures against aggression than men do (Perry, Perry & Rasmussen; 1986 as cited as Henry; 2008). Women appear to have a broader scope of what constitutes cruelty than men. When it comes to punishing people for abusing animals’ research showed that women recommended harsher punishments for acts of animal abuse than men and that recommended punishments were harsher when the victim was a puppy compared to when the victim was a chicken (Henry; 2008). When it comes to be mind set of describing animal abuse the type of animals was similar and it depended on the type of animal that was victimized for them to consider it was animal cruelty (Henry; 2008). A person mood at the moment of being questioned about punishment for animal cruelty depended if they wanted punishment are not. Results indicated that participants in a positive mood-state recommended harsher punishments for animal cruelty for the perpetrator of the abuse (Henry; 2008). People also recommended harsher punishment when the animal-victim was perceived as being more similar to humans (Henry; 2008). Animal Cruelty :: Psychology, Conduct Disorder For one to completely understand animal cruelty one must know how animal cruelty is categorized. Animal cruelty was first categorized as a symptom of conduct disorder by the American Psychiatric Association in 1987 (McPhedran; 2008). Conduct disorder is defined as â€Å"a repetitive and persistent pattern of behavior in which the basic rights of others are major age appropriate societal norms or rules are violated† (American Psychiatric Association; 1994 as cited as McPhedran; 2008). To be diagnosed with conduct disorder, a person must have at least 3 of the 15 symptoms of the disorder presented. Other symptoms of conduct disorder include persistent patterns of aggression towards humans, lying and deception, theft and/or robbery, and destruction of property (American Psychiatric Association; 1994 as cited as McPhedran; 2008). There is variety of studies that shows that their factors that influence people’s judgments about cruelty. Attitudes about abuse and neglect can be reliably differentiated among both men and women; women tend to more empathic towards the animals that were abused; men and women differ with the regard to the structure of their attitude (Henry; 2008). The attitude about animal abuse differ between women and men is because men reflect a lower level of empathy than women, and that can result in men judging acts of violence differently (Pakaslanhti & Keltikanga- Jarvinen; 1997 as cited as Henry; 2008). Research has found that women have a stronger and broader moral strictures against aggression than men do (Perry, Perry & Rasmussen; 1986 as cited as Henry; 2008). Women appear to have a broader scope of what constitutes cruelty than men. When it comes to punishing people for abusing animals’ research showed that women recommended harsher punishments for acts of animal abuse than men and that recommended punishments were harsher when the victim was a puppy compared to when the victim was a chicken (Henry; 2008). When it comes to be mind set of describing animal abuse the type of animals was similar and it depended on the type of animal that was victimized for them to consider it was animal cruelty (Henry; 2008). A person mood at the moment of being questioned about punishment for animal cruelty depended if they wanted punishment are not. Results indicated that participants in a positive mood-state recommended harsher punishments for animal cruelty for the perpetrator of the abuse (Henry; 2008). People also recommended harsher punishment when the animal-victim was perceived as being more similar to humans (Henry; 2008).

AdoLf HitLer :: essays research papers

Adolf Hitler was born on April 20, 1889 in Braunau, Austria, a small town across the Inn River from Germany. Right after the birth of Adolf, his father, Alois Hitler, moved their family to Linz, Austria. Hitler was a good student at first while attending school in Luniz, but as he went to high school he became a very poor student.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In 1907, Adolf went to Vienna Austria, in an effort to fulfill one of his dreams, and that dream was to become an artist, his attempt to become an artist ended when he failed the entrance exam to get into the Academy of Fine Arts. When Adolf’s mother died he continued to live in Vienna. Adolf decided to try to take the entrance exam again a year later and he fail it again. At this time Hitler was very troubled disappointed (Keesee 10). Hitler started to live in cheep apartment rooms, and sometimes even on park benches, and often had to get his meals from charity kitchens. During Adolf’s time he spent in Vienna, he learned to hate non-Germans. Hitler was a German-speaking Austrian and considered himself German. Hitler ridiculed the Austrian government for recognizing Bowers 2 eight different languages and believed that no government could last if they treated all ethnic groups the same (20). In 1913 Hitler went to Munich, Germany and when World War I began in 1914, he volunteered to be in the German army. When World War I ended Hitler was hospitalized and recovering from temporary blindness which was probably caused by a poison gas attack (30).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The country was now bankrupted because of the funding of the war, and millions of people were unemployed. In 1920, Hitler joined the National Socialist German Workers Party, which were known as the Nazis. The Nazis called for all Germans, even Germans that were in other countries, so they could unite into one nation. They wanted the treaty of Versailles to be cancelled. Hitler moved up to the leader of the Nazi party and built up his membership quickly, mostly because of his powerful speaking ability (Lutzer 8).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hitler organized am army for the Nazi party and called them the Storm Troopers which were also known as â€Å"Brown Shirts†. They were usually called upon to fight groups that were tying to break up the Nazi rallies (25).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Bowers 3 On November 9, 1923, Hitler led more than 2,000 Storm Troopers on a march to seize the Bavarian government. AdoLf HitLer :: essays research papers Adolf Hitler was born on April 20, 1889 in Braunau, Austria, a small town across the Inn River from Germany. Right after the birth of Adolf, his father, Alois Hitler, moved their family to Linz, Austria. Hitler was a good student at first while attending school in Luniz, but as he went to high school he became a very poor student.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In 1907, Adolf went to Vienna Austria, in an effort to fulfill one of his dreams, and that dream was to become an artist, his attempt to become an artist ended when he failed the entrance exam to get into the Academy of Fine Arts. When Adolf’s mother died he continued to live in Vienna. Adolf decided to try to take the entrance exam again a year later and he fail it again. At this time Hitler was very troubled disappointed (Keesee 10). Hitler started to live in cheep apartment rooms, and sometimes even on park benches, and often had to get his meals from charity kitchens. During Adolf’s time he spent in Vienna, he learned to hate non-Germans. Hitler was a German-speaking Austrian and considered himself German. Hitler ridiculed the Austrian government for recognizing Bowers 2 eight different languages and believed that no government could last if they treated all ethnic groups the same (20). In 1913 Hitler went to Munich, Germany and when World War I began in 1914, he volunteered to be in the German army. When World War I ended Hitler was hospitalized and recovering from temporary blindness which was probably caused by a poison gas attack (30).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The country was now bankrupted because of the funding of the war, and millions of people were unemployed. In 1920, Hitler joined the National Socialist German Workers Party, which were known as the Nazis. The Nazis called for all Germans, even Germans that were in other countries, so they could unite into one nation. They wanted the treaty of Versailles to be cancelled. Hitler moved up to the leader of the Nazi party and built up his membership quickly, mostly because of his powerful speaking ability (Lutzer 8).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hitler organized am army for the Nazi party and called them the Storm Troopers which were also known as â€Å"Brown Shirts†. They were usually called upon to fight groups that were tying to break up the Nazi rallies (25).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Bowers 3 On November 9, 1923, Hitler led more than 2,000 Storm Troopers on a march to seize the Bavarian government.

Arts and Politics in Fifth Century Athens

The 5th century proved to be the height of cultural and intellectual progression in Athens. Athens, during the 5th century, is an emerging powerful city-state whose military and organized political system is recognized by the world. At the pinnacle of democratic government within Athens there has been an undergoing active exchange of intellectual activities hailing from the philosophers and the artists which includes poets, tragedians, sculptors, etc. The cultural and intellectual achievements that happened in Athens are equated with its political institution – democracy (Join Association of Classical Teachers, 2003, p. 284).This struggle is an apparent purpose of influencing the masses through public participation whether in debates, tragedies, or any form of rhetoric to be able to persuade people. Philosophers and poets alike became involved in a politically active environment aimed for political power through intellectual influence. Intellectuals such as Aristotle, Sophocle s, Plato, and Socrates became successful in propagating their respective wisdom in different medium such as tragedies or impromptu debates. The latter is most commonly used by Socrates in which he initiated questions about morality, truth, and freedom to a common man.When most thinkers used rhetoric to get political power and influence, Socrates concentrated on the ethical and morality within debates and critical-thinking. In Plato’s Crito, Socrates has criticized the way intellectuals have run the political unit of Athens. He emphasized that is the men who ruled and implemented the laws who are wrong and not the law itself. From this perspective, the intellectuals who run Athens under corrupt ways can be the reason why Socrates did not participate in the politics of Athens.Instead he reached to the ordinary men to ignite debates and makes them realize how it is to be a good citizen behaving under the laws of morality and the laws of the state. This intellectual struggle betw een the philosophers and the poets might have been the glamorous side of Athens, but it also became the cause of its downfall, as intellectual men clouded by self-interests interpreted the Athenian laws in their own hands, thus, even bringing down their wisest thinker of all time. Reference Joint Association of Classical Teachers. (2003). The World of Athens. UK: Cambridge University Press.

Positive Thinking

Positive thinking leads a man to success. One who thinks that he can achieve the things, will put his best to achieve, will not fetter by the problems in the path of success and one day he will win positively. Self confidence, determination, perseverance, and hard work are the key factors of success. Every small or big, easy or complex problem have its solution. There is a way out of every labyrinth, there is an answer to every enigma. The only requirements are the confidence, hard work and determination and you get the answer. Where there is a will, there is a way. If you find any problem, a typical one, don’t lose heart, go ahead and devote yourself fully, analyze each aspect, and get the problem solved. Every invention taken place so far, were riddled with many unfound answers, but the inventor’s zeal and perseverance found the solution and a new invention took place. For a confident person, the word ‘impossible’ is no where in his dictionary. A determined and dedicated person finds way in all complexities undaunted by the initial problems and failures he keeps on finding solution to every teaser and one day he achieves his cherished goal. Dedication, devotion to the task and positive thinking with determination have been the important factors of success of every successful celebrity. Take the recent example Mrs. Sonia Gandhi, the widow of Prime Minister Rajeev Gandhi, participated and campaigned in the Lok Sabha election 2004, undaunted by the criticism, personal attacks and all kinds of perversities she went alone campaigning alone without having any other ‘Star’ campaigner, covered almost the whole of the country against the BJP and showed the world that congress got the majority. She has shown her unflinching determination, unfettered self confidence, dedication and devotion to the cause without worrying for the results and she is the winner. Every Tom and dick had questioned her nationality, her foreign origin, but she cared a fig for all criticism and showed her caliber. Life is a battle, one has to fight it fearlessly. Fight with confidence, positive attitude, right aptitude, with determined and concentrated efforts, leads to the surest path of success. Fortune is said to favor the brave. God also help those who help themselves. A coward, a pessimist dare not even to fight in the race, it is an optimist and determined soul, who dares to fight, has the chance of success. A winner never quits and a quitter never wins shows that one who constantly tries to achieve something, one who endeavors hard incessantly to achieve something, he is the winner, later or sooner, but a quitter could never be a winner. When Vallabhbhai Patel told that’ Swaraj is my birth right’ so many people find it mere a slogan, but the incessant struggle put by all the freedom fighters supported the claim of Patel and we could win the freedom. Organizing the efforts properly, in right direction, striking at the opportune time, are essential for achieving a target. Optimism, determination, undaunted will power makes every impossible task possible. Confidence is the most important key to success. It boosts the morale and creates determination to attain a goal. The loss of confidence makes a man pessimist, coward or a dead man. The importance of ‘right deeds’ is well emphasized in Bhagwat Geeta: Lord Krishna tells Arjun to follow the path of righteousness, the path of dedication, Do Karma, don’t think about the result, the God is Omnipresent, Omnipotent, the results as per your deeds will follow. It should also be remembered that the positive and constructive thoughts which aims for the betterment of mankind are met with success. It should not be riddled with self aggrandizement evil thoughts never bear good results. Your biggest assets are your enthusiasm that enriches with your positive thinking. Never lose hope, keep cheerful put the best possible efforts with your total involvement, have confidence in you and you are the winner. Through positive thinking one can overcome the mountains. One who always think positively even in adverse circumstances wins. Positive thinking always pays. Life belongs to the ambitions. Positive Thinking Positive thinking leads a man to success. One who thinks that he can achieve the things, will put his best to achieve, will not fetter by the problems in the path of success and one day he will win positively. Self confidence, determination, perseverance, and hard work are the key factors of success. Every small or big, easy or complex problem have its solution. There is a way out of every labyrinth, there is an answer to every enigma. The only requirements are the confidence, hard work and determination and you get the answer. Where there is a will, there is a way. If you find any problem, a typical one, don’t lose heart, go ahead and devote yourself fully, analyze each aspect, and get the problem solved. Every invention taken place so far, were riddled with many unfound answers, but the inventor’s zeal and perseverance found the solution and a new invention took place. For a confident person, the word ‘impossible’ is no where in his dictionary. A determined and dedicated person finds way in all complexities undaunted by the initial problems and failures he keeps on finding solution to every teaser and one day he achieves his cherished goal. Dedication, devotion to the task and positive thinking with determination have been the important factors of success of every successful celebrity. Take the recent example Mrs. Sonia Gandhi, the widow of Prime Minister Rajeev Gandhi, participated and campaigned in the Lok Sabha election 2004, undaunted by the criticism, personal attacks and all kinds of perversities she went alone campaigning alone without having any other ‘Star’ campaigner, covered almost the whole of the country against the BJP and showed the world that congress got the majority. She has shown her unflinching determination, unfettered self confidence, dedication and devotion to the cause without worrying for the results and she is the winner. Every Tom and dick had questioned her nationality, her foreign origin, but she cared a fig for all criticism and showed her caliber. Life is a battle, one has to fight it fearlessly. Fight with confidence, positive attitude, right aptitude, with determined and concentrated efforts, leads to the surest path of success. Fortune is said to favor the brave. God also help those who help themselves. A coward, a pessimist dare not even to fight in the race, it is an optimist and determined soul, who dares to fight, has the chance of success. A winner never quits and a quitter never wins shows that one who constantly tries to achieve something, one who endeavors hard incessantly to achieve something, he is the winner, later or sooner, but a quitter could never be a winner. When Vallabhbhai Patel told that’ Swaraj is my birth right’ so many people find it mere a slogan, but the incessant struggle put by all the freedom fighters supported the claim of Patel and we could win the freedom. Organizing the efforts properly, in right direction, striking at the opportune time, are essential for achieving a target. Optimism, determination, undaunted will power makes every impossible task possible. Confidence is the most important key to success. It boosts the morale and creates determination to attain a goal. The loss of confidence makes a man pessimist, coward or a dead man. The importance of ‘right deeds’ is well emphasized in Bhagwat Geeta: Lord Krishna tells Arjun to follow the path of righteousness, the path of dedication, Do Karma, don’t think about the result, the God is Omnipresent, Omnipotent, the results as per your deeds will follow. It should also be remembered that the positive and constructive thoughts which aims for the betterment of mankind are met with success. It should not be riddled with self aggrandizement evil thoughts never bear good results. Your biggest assets are your enthusiasm that enriches with your positive thinking. Never lose hope, keep cheerful put the best possible efforts with your total involvement, have confidence in you and you are the winner. Through positive thinking one can overcome the mountains. One who always think positively even in adverse circumstances wins. Positive thinking always pays. Life belongs to the ambitions.